THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL, ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
EXAMINATION

134/1AGRICULTURE 1

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Duration: 3 Hours Year: 2025

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections ten (10) questions
2. Answer all questions.
3. Each question carries ten (10) marks.
4. Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.
5. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

Answer all questions. Each question Carries ten (10) marks.

1. (a) Suggest five ways that should be used to maintain power workshop tools and guarantee their usefulness.

(b) Briefly explain the functions of each of the following parts of a dip:

1. Footbath
2. The jump
3. Drainage race
4. Entrance race
5. Assembly yard

2. (a) Briefly describe five components of a tractor fuel system.

(b) Briefly explain how two different types of air cleaners work so as to ensure proper ignition.

3. (a) Account for the five benefits of a proper irrigation.

(b) Enumerate five ways in which irrigation water is conveyed to the farm.

4. A soil is formed by the interaction of complex processes including the physical and chemical disintegration of parent rocks driven by some factors. Briefly explain four factors which are influential for soil formation.

5. Account for five factors that influence formation of soil structure.

6. Under certain conditions, foliar fertilisation is considered to be a more appropriate method of fertiliser application than soil fertilisation. Briefly explain five superiorities of foliar fertilisation over soil fertilisation.

7. Assess two effects of each of the following soil reaction on its fertility:

1. Very low soil pH
2. Very high soil pH

8. On 30th June 2018, a farmer at Kialile had the following information on his farm:

There were 20 herds of cattle each valued Tsh 100,000/=, 30 sheep each valued Tsh 40,000/= and 25 goats each valued Tsh 50,000/=. In the store there were ten bags of animal feeds each worth Tsh 5,000/= and four bags of fertiliser each worth Tsh 40,000/=. He also had a tractor that was five years old and was bought for Tsh 15,000,000/= with an expectation that it would last for 30 years and then be written off at a value of Tsh 1,000,000/=. Write down an Inventory and Valuation for this farmer as on 30th June 2018.

9. The following table shows the yield of potatoes and soya beans in Tanzania and Uganda.

(a) Suppose the total area of land that is available for producing the two crops in each country is 400 hectares and without specialisation half of the total land is used to produce beans and the other half is used to grow potatoes. What will be the total production of beans and potatoes in both countries?

(b) Suppose each country decides to specialise in the production of crop in which it has a comparative advantage. What will be the total production of beans and potatoes in both countries?

10. HIV/AIDS is a pandemic disease that negatively affects agriculture and labour productivity in Tanzania. Explain:

1. Five impacts posed by the disease.
2. Five measures that the government of Tanzania can take to mitigate the problem.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL, ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
EXAMINATION

134/2AGRICULTURE 2

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Duration: 3 Hours Year: 2025

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections ten (10) questions.
2. Answer all questions.
3. Each question carries ten (10) marks.
4. Cellular phones are not allowed in the examination room.
5. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

Answer all questions. 

Each question Carries ten (10) marks.

1. Non-pathogenic plant diseases are not greatly taken into consideration when one talks of plant diseases.

(a) What do you understand by non-pathogenic plant diseases?

(b) Giving an example of a disease in each case, examine the following factors that cause non-pathogenic plant diseases in plants:

1. Temperature fluctuation
2. Moisture fluctuation
3. Light fluctuation
4. Nutritional deficiencies

2. Occurrence of pathogenic disease in plants is explained by the concept of disease triangle. Elaborate this statement.

3. It has been the habit of most peasant farmers to control bird pests by scaring them through making noises. Suggest five other ways that can be used to get rid of the bird pests.

4. It has been noted that village farms are situated in an area which is highly infested with grass weeds, despite of the potential of the soil in producing high yield crops.

(a) How would you help the farmers in the village to identify the following weeds in the field?

1. Couch grass
2. Star grass
3. Kikuyu grass
4. Sword grass
5. Crows-foot grass

(b) Suggest two effective control measures of the weeds in (a).

5. The plant breeder was observed performing the following procedures for 8 years:

• First year: used unimproved old variety a base population and grown in a large plant.
• Second year: grew the crop from the bulk seed of selected plants in a separate field using standard variety as a check for comparison of performance.
• Third to sixth year: evaluated the performance of bulk for yield and adaptation in main yield trials for 3 to 4 years using standard check for comparison.
• Seventh and eighth year: released and named the variety in the seventh year and multiplied seeds in the eighth year for distribution.

(a) What breeding method did the plant breeder perform?

(b) Analyse five merits and four demerits of the breeding method performed by the plant breeder.

6. (a) During post-mortem of the dead cattle, soft flattened, leaf-like with a triangular head lobe organisms were found in the bile duct.

1. Identify the organisms found in the bile duct and state three effects that can be caused by that organisms.
2. Give three measures that can be used to control the organisms found.

(b)(i) Argue for or against the statement that “it is possible to eradicate East Coast Fever completely by controlling ticks.”

(ii) Suggest three control measures of East Coast Fever.

7. (a) How would you differentiate digestion in the stomach of swine and sheep?

(b) The school that keeps pigs, feeds the animals with stiff maize porridge and beans from students’ food remains.

1. Which nutrients are the animals basically being given?
2. Educate the piggery unit attendants in the school on the general classes of nutrients required by the animals?

8. (a) The school established alfalfa as pastures to feed the cattle.

1. What is the nutritional status of the pastures?
2. Advice the school on the proper composition of pastures to be established for farm animals. Give three reasons to support your answer.

(b) Assume the school has established suitable pastures for the farm animals. Giving four reasons, suggest the best grazing methods to be employed in the pastures.

9. (a) A cow was seen facing difficulties during parturition due to excessive calf size. Briefly describe the assistance you would give to make the process successful. Give five points.

(b) Analyse five disadvantages of not adopting artificial insemination in a piggery farm.

10. Land degradation is an environmental challenge in agricultural development that limits the sustainability of the sector. Prepare five management practices to maintain the quality of the soil as a means of combating the problem.