THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF TANZANIA, ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
EXAMINATION

122/1 ENGLISH LANGUAGE 1

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 3 Hours Tuesday, 07^th May 2019 p.m.

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B, C and D with a total of nine (9) questions.
2. Answer five (5) questions, choosing one (1) question from each section. Question one (1) is compulsory.
3. Cellular phones and any unauthorised materials are not allowed in the examination room.
4. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

SECTION A (40 Marks) : INTRODUCTION TO LANGUAGE

Answer question one (1) and any other from this section.

1. (a) Briefly explain and exemplify each of the following terms as used to describe the properties of human language:

1. Arbitrariness
2. Learnability
3. Productivity
4. Displacement
5. Duality of patterning

(b) Identify and describe the function fulfilled by each of the following utterances:

1. Andrew, stop.
2. Good morning.
3. Wow! It’s beautiful.
4. I declare the meeting adjourned.
5. The President is addressing the nation tonight.

2. Using relevant examples, describe eight factors to prove that Kiswahili is an international language.

3. Use eight points to support the view that in order to improve the students’ competence in Tanzanian Secondary Schools, Kiswahili Language should be used as the medium of instruction.

SECTION B (20 Marks) : LANGUAGE SKILLS

Answer one (1) question from this section.

4. (a) Write a phonetic description for the final sound in each of the following words:

1. lamb
2. rough
3. breeze
4. public
5. collapse

(b) Using each of the following words, explain how stress can be used to identify and distinguish two words whose spellings are identical:

1. Content
2. Invalid
3. Present
4. Minute
5. Compact

5.Using relevant examples, describe eight qualities of a good speech.

SECTION C (20 Marks) : WORD FORMATION

Answer one (1) question from this section.

6. (a) Provide the correct form of the words given in the brackets to make the sentences meaningful.

1. One day I will be __________. (fame)
2. They speak __________ very fluently.
3. He has the right __________ for the job. (qualify)
4. The __________ of a metre ruler is 100 cm. (long)
5. Children must be __________ to their parents. (obey)
6. There is no __________ for the claim he made. (just)
7. Our __________ has been strengthened over the years. (friend)
8. We should __________ every institution if we want to improve our economy. (democracy)
9. You must __________ what you are talking about to make us understand. (clear)
10. African countries are least developed because they were __________ for several decades. (colony)

(b) Write the function of the inflectional morphemes in each of the following sentences:

1. How long are you waiting for the driver?
2. That student prefers to sit at the back of the class.
3. It is essential that they pay their annual bills immediately.
4. John’s father will arrive in the afternoon and directly come here.
5. They announced the arrival of the aeroplane to the people at the airport.

7. (a) Write the technical term given to the word formation strategy in each of the following sentences.

1. Expanding the original meaning of a word.
2. Repetition of a word or part of a word.
3. Replacing the original meaning of a word.
4. Using a word as a different part of speech.
5. Limiting the original meaning of a word.
6. Formation of words from scratch (or nothing).
7. Changing the order of two adjoining sounds in a word.
8. Removal of an affix from the existing word.
9. Shortening an existing noun to produce a new verb.
10. Taking a word from one language into another with or without modification.

(b) Change the underlined words in each of the following sentences into one word with the prefix -under or over-:

Example: I think the judges have praised that dancer too highly.
Answer: I think judges have over praised that dancer.

1. John slept too long and got to school very late.
2. It was unwise for the boxer to rate his opponent too lightly.
3. As usual, the advocate has stated his case too strongly.
4. The maid has cooked this meat too long and it’s inedible.
5. The musician died after dosing himself too heavily with sleeping pills.
6. If you go on eating too little you won’t be able to recover quickly.
7. Paul has spent more than his salary and now the employer refuses him a loan.
8. The contractor who gave too high an estimate of the building costs has been fired.
9. The president is exhausted because he has been working too hard for a long time.
10. A shopkeeper who consistently charges his customers too little will soon go out of business.

SECTION D (20 Marks) : LANGUAGE USE

Answer one (1) question from this section.

8. (a) Describe the following literary translation techniques:

1. Borrowing
2. Reduction
3. Description
4. Elision (or omission)
5. Established equivalent

(b) Translate the following expressions into English language by considering the contextual meaning of the source language.

1. Uzuri wa mkakasi ndani kipande cha mti.
2. Haba na haba hujaza kibaba.
3. Mwenda pole hajikwai.
4. Kinachowezekana leo kisingoje kesho.
5. Siku za mwizi ni arobaini.
6. Mali bila daftari hupotea bila habari.
7. Wema hauozi
8. Wapishi wengi huharibu mchuzi.
9. Umoja ni nguvu.
10. Paka akiondoka panya hutawala.

9. (a) Identify and describe five translation skills for a good translator.

(b) Translate the following English text into Kiswahili Language by using communicative translation.

History is very important to human beings. It enables them to know where they come from, where they are and where they are going. Through history, people know things that happened several centuries or decades ago. This knowledge helps them to predict how the future will be. So, history creates self-awareness among people.

The current generation knows that our country was once colonized. Without history, this generation would be blind about what happened in this country during colonialism. They would not know about people called Germans or British. They would also not be aware that their fore-fathers fought for independence. Generally, life would be different.

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF TANZANIA, ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

122/2 ENGLISH LANGUAGE 2

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 3 Hours Friday, 10^th May 2019 a.m.

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B, C and D with a total of nine (9) questions.
2. Answer five (5) questions, choosing one (1) question from each section. Question one (1) is compulsory.
3. Each question carries twenty (20) marks.
4. Cellular phones and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.
5. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

SECTION A (40 Marks) : COMMUNICATION IN ENGLISH

Answer two (2) questions from this section. Question one (1) is compulsory.

1. (a) Briefly explain five factors that account for variation in language use.

(b) Distinguish the following linguistic concepts:

1. Idiolect and dialect
2. Consultative style and casual style
3. Style and stylistics
4. Phonological level and graphological level
5. Common core English and colloquial English

2. (a) Write the technical terms for the following stylistic concepts:

1. A language style used to preserve certain aesthetics (beauty).
2. Variety of language according to use.
3. Specialized language concerned with a particular subject, culture or profession.
4. An area of specialization to which language is put into use.
5. Regionally determined variation of language.

(b) Outline five characteristics of a formal style of presentation.

3. (a) Mention five important aspects to consider when taking notes.

(b) (i) Why do people advertise? Give five reasons.

(ii) List five characteristics of the language of advertising.

SECTION B (20 Marks) : PLAYS

Answer one (1) question from this section.

List of readings:

• Betrayal in the City -Francis Imbuga
• I Will Marry When I Want -Ngugi wa Thiong’o & Ngugi wa Mirii
• The Bride -Austin Bukenya
• Lwanda Magere -Okoiti Omtatah
• An Enemy of the People -Henrik Ibsen
• Black Mamba -John Ruganda

4. Plays do not just reflect what is happening in the society, they also show what ought to have happened. Using any two plays you have read under this program, show how the playwrights have been able to do that. (Use four points from each play).

5. When playwrights compose their work of art focusing on social struggle, they always build courageous characters to face danger for the well being of their society. Justify this assertion with reference to two plays you have read. (Use four points for each character).

SECTION C (20 Marks) : NOVELS AND SHORT STORIES

Answer one (1) question from this section.

List of readings:

• Encounters from Africa -Macmillan Education Limited
• The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born -Ayi Kwei Armah
• A Man of the People -Chinua Achebe
• Divine Providence -Severin N. Ndunguru
• The Rape of the Pearl -Magala Nyago
• Vanishing Shadows -Namige Kayondo
• His Excellency the Head of State -Danny Safo
• A Season of Waiting -David Omowale

6. Analyse the relevance of two novels you have studied under this section, to the contemporary world using four points each.

7. Take any four characters, two from each of the two readings you have read under this section and show how they differ in terms of their views and how they handle circumstances. (Use four points from each reading).

SECTION D (20 Marks) : POETRY

Answer one (1) question from this section.

List of readings:

• Selected Poems Institute of Education
• The Wonderful Surgeon and other Poems Charles Mloka

8. Poems not only entertain but also educate. Support this statement using four poems you have studied under this section. (Use four points four points for each poem).

9. Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow

Thin and red,
Skinny and bald,
The boy groans on the ground.
Swollen stomach
Full of waste,
Thin legs
Thin arms,
Twitch
Ast the boy
Fights with flies
Over the empty plate.

Ten years old,
He looks older than ten
And younger than young,
And so small
As he wriggles
Prisoner
Of his unproportioned body.

‘Mother’, shouted the boy
‘When I grow up
I will carry a gun
And not a pen!’

‘My son,’ shouted the mother,
My son, cries the mother
‘You will never live to carry a gun
There is no meat for us.’

Questions:

1. Suggest the title of the poem.
2. What are the possible themes?
3. Identify the poetic devices used by the poet.
4.  What is the tone of the persona?
5. How is the poem relevant to Tanzania of today?